ASSESSMENT OF PARENTAL SATISFACTION WITH DENTAL TREATMENT UNDER Essay

ASSESSMENT OF PARENTAL SATISFACTION WITH DENTAL TREATMENT UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY - Essay Example These programs have been implemented for all age groups, but children remain one of the most focused targets of these interventions. Among these programs are included the Children in Need of Treatment Program or CINOT, Ontario Works, which provides basic dental coverage upto 18 years of age, the Ontario Disability Support Program and the Dental Indices Survey or DIS and preventive services. There is also the emergence of clinics for low income residents, since many of the people who cannot afford dental treatment belong to low socioeconomic status. The University of Toronto and University of Western Ontario are two of the main providers of such dental services. Even these programs however, have not been able to cater to the needs of the Canadian public in general. Statistics show that one thirds of the residents of Ontario do not see a dentist on regular basis. The most common reason is the lack of insurance and inability of these people to afford dental care (The Whole Tooth and Nothing But the Truth, nd). Other issues include fear and anxiety towards dental treatment. This does not mean that the issue settles here. Even if patients do manage to get dental insurance, it is no guarantee that it will be sufficient for the particular treatment needs (The Whole Tooth and Nothing But the Truth, nd). Studies show that although 52% of the Candians and 60% of the Ontarians have some form of dental insurance, but these insurance programs have not been created equally, which again leads to cost becoming a barrier to dental care (The Whole Tooth and Nothing But the Truth, nd). There are many challenges that need to be overcome for children living in Ontario or for that part many areas of Canada. Accessing dental care in Ontario may not be possible unless a person has insurance. Dental care can be very expensive and therefore, prohibitive

Innocent Commission Essay Example for Free

Innocent Commission Essay It is better to let a thousand guilty individuals go free than to let one innocent person suffer (Volokh, 1997). The rationale behind this statement is that nobody can put a price in the life and liberty of a person. Wrongful conviction of an innocent man destroys his whole life and family. While the innocent is suffering the punishment for something that he did not do, the guilty is enjoying the freedom that the innocent man deserved but has been deprived of. The Criminal Justice System provides that in criminal cases, the burden of proof required to convict a person is proof beyond reasonable doubt and this burden lies in the State. This means that if there is so much of an iota of doubt in the innocence or guilt of a person then the State has no choice but to let the accused go because it has not fully satisfied its burden. Wrongful conviction is caused by several factors such as improper forensics, false conviction and other unfortunate incidents. Improper or unvalidated forensics is one of the biggest causes of wrongful conviction in the United States. Before DNA testing was available, many individuals were sent to prison on the basis of the eyewitness testimonies which are not one hundred percent accurate. The discovery of DNA analysis in the 80s greatly helped in ruling out and identifying innocent from guilty persons. Aside from DNA testing, other forensics tests are used to verify completely the identity of the victim and the accused such as tests to compare bite marks, shoe prints, firearms, hair microscopy and many more. Some of these may not be fully subjected to rigid evaluation and there may be a tendency for these tests to be handled incorrectly or presented vaguely in trial which in turn may lead to a wrongful conviction (Innocence Project, N. d.). Innocent individuals also get convicted based on false confessions not only from them but from acclaimed eye witnesses as well. In some cases, the accused, even though innocent says some incriminating statements that sooner or later lead to their conviction. There are many reasons why innocent people confess to crimes they did not commit. Some of them are just coerced or under duress when they made that statement. Studies show that some confessions are influenced by the mental state of the person. For instance, confession from minors are often unreliable given the fact that they are not fully aware of the repercussions of their actions and they can easily be persuaded. Children under legal age can seem to be quite vulnerable that some law enforcers seem to take advantage of this kind of situation(Innocence Project, 2003). When a crime happens and the victim files a charge, he becomes a witness for the State and in turn, the government will do everything they can to overturn the burden and get the bad guy out of the street. It is a good thing that the State is there to protect its people, however, it becomes a bad thing when the prosecution oversteps some boundaries in order to secure a conviction regardless of the guilt or innocence of the accused. The Criminal Justice System should be given credit for their hard work solving crimes and capturing the guilty. The police and other fellow law enforcers are reliable and trust worthy but as rewarding as the job is, there can be a few bad apples in the department and as sad as it is to admit, these incidences cause people to lose faith in the government (Innocence Project, 2003). Helping the victims get justice for what happened to them and putting guilty people in jail are both remarkable acts but helping an innocent person escape the punishment he does not deserve also has its own equal reward. References Innocence Project. N. d.   Understand `the Causes. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/about/Contact-Us.php Innocence Project. 2003. North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission.Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/NC_Innocence_Commission_Mission.html Volokh, A. 1997. n Guilty Men. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http://www.law.ucla.edu/volokh/guilty.htm

Evaluation of the strategy practices of Haier Group

Evaluation of the strategy practices of Haier Group This analysis report is prepared to evaluate the strategy practices adopted by Haier group in recent years. Qingdao Haier Group is a consumer electrical maker which transformed from a refrigerator factory in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China founded in 1984. In 1992, the company had simplified their company name from Qingdao Haier Group to its current name, Haier Group. A new director was appointed in 1984, who is Mr. Zhang Ruimin. Thus, a new management team was formed and leaded under Zhang, to solve companys problems, such as debts, lack of quality control and poor management. This report will be discussed under various collection of sources which found related to Haier group, which includes books, websites, media articles, journal articles, Haiers official website and Haiers yearly annual reports. All the sources will be using in the analysis to support and prove that the related theories have been applied into the companys strategies. 1.0 Introduction Strategic management can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organization and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose. Corporate level strategy means the strategic decisions that lead companies to diversify from one business areas. It also means the role of the corporate headquarters in directing and influencing strategy across a multi-product group of companies (Richard Lynch, 2009). In this strategic analysis, discussions will be focused into three main segments. A general Haiers company overview will be done in the first place to investigate the milestones they have been gone through in past decade. Analysis continues in analyze corporate internal and external environment, SWOT analysis and Haiers unique OEC Management will be criticized in details in this segment. Moreover, the next segment discusses how Haier strategically competes in the local and international markets by using Ansoff Matrix and The Strategic Clock theories. Haiers internalization strategies will be evaluated in the last segment that includes Joint Ventures and Acquisitions where the corporate adopts in the process of globalization. 2.0 Corporate Background Haier Group was founded in 1984 with headquarters in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. In 1984, Haier produced and selling only a single model of refrigerator, it shows that Haier Group has been gone through major developments in years. Today, they rank themselves as one of the worlds leading white goods home appliance manufacturers (Haier, 2008). In last few decades Haier has grown their group to become the 4th largest white goods manufacturer and one of Chinas Top 100 IT Companies guided by the business philosophy of CEO Zhang Ruimin. Mainly, they has experienced a strategy for growth which is mainly formed into three major development stages, known as Brand Building, Diversification and Globalization (Haier, 2008). According to Michael Kanellos, 2008 Haier is trying to expand its presence globally and go up market. The company has been selling air conditioners, fridges, and other household items in the U.S. since 2000. But in 2006, it began selling LCD televisions. In November, it began selling music players. They has never been satisfied to just become a national brand, in January 2005, Haiers refrigerators were selected as best sellers in the UK by Ethical Consumer (Haier Worldwide, 2008) Haier employ over 50, 000 workers throughout the world, it has 240 subordinate companies and 30 design centers, plants and also trade companies. Their product categories are range from refrigerators, refrigerating cabinets, washing machine, air conditioners, home theatre systems, televisions, mobile phones, water heaters, DVD players and integrated furniture. Haier broadly recognized as a world leader in the technology domains of networked home appliances, intelligent integrated home furniture, digitalization and large scale integrated circuits. Different with other corporations, Haier is a state-owed company leading among others Chinese companies along with its brand name. They have been well developed and consistent which has leaded them rapidly expansion into the international market after the successfulness in its local country, and it is continues to grow until today. 3.0 Discussions 3.1 Haiers Internal and External Strategic Environment 3.1.1 SWOT Analysis The central purpose of the SWOT analysis (see appendix ) is to identify strategies that align, fit or match a companys resources and capabilities to the demands of the environment in which the company operates (Gerry Johnson et al, 2008). Organizations have to critically evaluate all strategic alternatives by using SWOT analysis to achieve its major goals and targets. In other words, Haier practices SWOT as to build on strengths so as to utilize opportunities and counteract threats, and at the same time correct its weakness. Haier has strong technology strength, they are broadly well known by leading nine products in its domestic markets share and also the top three white goods brand in terms of three products (refrigerator, air-conditioner and washing machine) in global market. They are also a world-class group in the fields of household appliances, network appliances, digital and large range integrated circuits and new equipments. Beside that, Haier also has a long term fundamental drive, which is innovation force that applies in its producing and management. As a result, their innovation in providing after-sales service has brings significance response from its customers. New upgraded products like dual drive washing machine, safe care water heater, four temperatures zone refrigerator and smart air conditioner are all been created under Haiers innovation strengths in improving products. Although Haier has a world level of technologies, but they has low level of core technology as they deeply relies on few world well known companies who supply core accessories and core components for Haier. Like for example, Haier used chips which made from Philips in its television industry, also, they bought quality compressors from Mitsubishi in its air-conditioner production. This will be a major weakness for Haier in expanding globally. Haier also weak in channels, the do not have a complete one. They even unable to deliver products to retailers, cost has increased as they needs to rent warehouses for storage purpose. Global economic integration is an opportunity and also a challenge for Haier. Haier may obtain the best quality raw materials from the international markets, recruit the best talents from all over the world, and discover more international markets. Haier should catch this chance and make full use of it to help in its process of globalization. The most important market for Haier is still its domestic market, which is China. As Haier hold more than 26.2% of the overall home appliance market in China, and the household appliances market continues to growth more than 20% every year. Thus, in future, China is still the best market for Haier to earn although they have been entering into international markets. Haier faces tough competition since entering into international markets. In the same industry, there are others worldwide recognized brands such as Panasonic, Samsung, Philips, LG and many mores. Haier is still new in other nations besides China and Asia markets; it is hard to compete with those strong rivals exclusive marketing. As China has bad country image of producing low quality and cheap price products, it is a major problem of Haier which aims to offers premium range of products, they have to against with this threat in order to build its brand into other nation. 3.1.2 OEC Management in Haier OEC stands for Overall Every Control, it also can be indicates as overall everyday/ everyone/ everythings control and clear of every workers in Haier. The CEO of Haier, Zhang, has created the unique OEC management control system to aims at overall control of everything that every employee finishes on his or her job everyday with a 1% increase over what was done the previous day. The OEC management control system has three aspects: target setting, control, checking and clearance; and incentive mechanism. Workers of Haier are awarded based on the quality of their work; it is either red reward or yellow penalty cards will be given. Other than that, promotion is decided by using open biding system to ensure the fairness in the awarding process (Thomas W. Lin, 2005). OEM is a strategic process with all that this involves in terms of the human resources of the company, its change culture and leadership. Thomas W. Lin, 2005 stated that Haiers OEC management-control system and enterprise culture have the following characteristics: Focus on and understand customer value, product quality, operating efficiency, innovation, and speed to market. Commit top management and leadership to creating a new way of management and a performance culture. Involve management and employees in creating the OEC management-control system. Allow them to become familiar with OEC so they feel included and share in ownership of the system. Educate management and employees. Use seminars and weekly company newsletters to explain the firms strategy, customer value, OEC management, and the idea of every employee being a strategic business unit to enable them to understand the concepts and appreciate the benefits. Create desired incentives, and reassure employees that they will be evaluated properly in accordance with their performance. 3.2 Strategic achieves Competitive Advantages If an organization possesses superior knowledge to its competitors then this can deliver core competencies which, in turn, produce competitive advantage (David Campbell, 2007). This segment will be discusses on how Haier adopts Ansoff Matrix and The Strategic Clock to achieve create competitive advantages. 3.2.1 Ansoff Matrix The most commonly used model for anaylysing the possible strategic directions that an organization can follows is the Ansoff Matrix (see appendix ). There are four broad alternatives, which are market penetration, product development, market development and diversification (David Campbell, 2007). Product development involves developing new products for the same existing markets a company has. The ability to innovate is crucial in developing products for rapidly changing consumer markets (Anthony Henry, 2008). In other explanation, product development simply means a company offers or delivers modified or brand new products to the same targeted markets. In the beginning, Haier has only four types of main products, which are refrigerators, air-conditinors, washing machines, and freezers. But in year 1999, Haier had launched a brand new product, named All media, All-digital television. It was a successful launching that has widely attracting a big number of users. Besides that, Haier also developing varieties in the same product line, the modified new products was targeted in the original markets. For example, some new model has been modified in refrigerator line such as little prince series (see appendix ). Market development involves entering new markets with the firms existing products. This may be done by targeting new market segments and new geographical areas, or by devising new uses for its products (Anthony Henry, 2008). Another strategy which Haier adopts to grow is market development. As market development declares as expand existing products to new markets, so it is either through new segments, new users, new geographies, or all three at the same time. In the case of Haier, they overseas to integrates into the global big markets and economies together with their premium white goods. Haier develops in most of the Europe countries included United Kingdom, United States, Germany, and Italy. Thus, they become an international corporation and involves in most of the household appliances manufacturing industry, and also entered cell phone manufacturing, insurance and finance. In the year 2001, they even involves in pharmaceutical industry. Diversification occurs when an organization moves away from a single product or dominant business area into other business areas, which may or may not be related to the original product. Although diversification is a solid strategy that defined as takes the company away from both its existing products and markets, but Gerry Johnson et al, 2008 suggests that a good deal of diversification in practice involves building on relationships with existing markets or products. Diversification is a matter of degree. Clearly Haier has almost perfectly practiced diversification by adopts both product development and market development. Moreover, diversifications have brought extra hidden competitive advantages towards the company. A very common justification of diversification is dispersion risk across a sort of businesses. Haier India has laughed Haier Mobile in year 2005, a whole new product created to entering into new markets. Haier Telecom India Pvt. Ltd. started operations in December 2005 to market Haier Mobiles (see appendix ). With the growing opportunities in India and around the world HTIL has marked its presence across four continents in the high growth centers of Asia, Africa, South America and Europe (Haier Mobiles, 2005). Diversification has been involves in Haier growth stage, besides improvement and growing on white goods industry, they also expanded into other industries that includes communication and IT products, Haier pharmacy, Haier Software and Haier real estate. Diversify from one product to a variety of products (in 1984, we had refrigerators only, and in 1998, we had dozens of products), from white goods to brown goods through capital operation in a way of activating shock fish. Tangible assets were activated using intangible assets and the business was expanded and strengthened at the minimum cost and in the shortest time (Haier, 2008). 3.2.2 The Strategic Clock Cliff Bowman and Richard DAveni emphasis that competitive advantage is achieved by providing customers with what they want, or need, better or more effectively than competitors. The strategy clock (see appendix ) represents different positions in a market where customers have different requirements in terms of money and value (Gerry Johnson et al, 2008). It is important for a firm to focuses on which markets customer they are targeting at, as different customer may have different perceptions on the same product. Most of the consumer have different needs and at the same time searching for different benefits and values. Like for example, for an air-conditioning user, they choose the product based on price or functionality? Haier using differentiation strategy on their new air-conditioning (see appendix ) which has added auto cleaning system. It not just keeps the room chill but at the same time has self-cleaning system works through its new created technology, there is a unique open and close feature adds on to the model. Haier is achieving competitive advantage because with the extra value added on the product yet it still charged at the same price, this shows that they had offers extra benefit that makes their product different from other competitors with a competitive price. 3.3 Strategic competes in International Markets Since 1998, Haier Group exported its outputs first to Germany, then to European countries. After years, they started to entry US markets, Middle Eastern countries, South-eastern countries, and India. According to Charles W. L. Hill et al, 2007 companies need to consider carefully all the possible ways they can set up their operations to minimum risk. He also suggested Haier believes that globalization is not just export, but more crucially create the export license. In order to decrease the risk of entering a new market, they pursue strategic alliances to position its company into new areas, beside that; new plant will be set up (or acquisition decision will be made) only if there is a market and the plant must at least reach a breakeven point. 3.3.1 Strategic Alliances One of the most common ways to entry a new market with low risk is through strategic alliances (see appendix ), where a company can share and use the resources and capabilities held by its partner company. There are some reasons behind of why Haier choosing strategic alliances. First; they may feel that it can benefit from its local partners knowledge of a host nations competitive conditions, culture, language, political systems and business systems. Second, when the development costs and risks of opening up a foreign market are high, they may gain by sharing these costs and risks with its local partner. Third, political considerations in some nations make strategic the only feasible entry mode (Charles W. L. Hill et al, 2007). A New York based import corporation named Welbilt Appliances which owed by Michael Jemal approached Haier to invites them to entry US market in 1994. In the same year, Welbilt Appliances bought 150,000 units consists of three models of compact refrigerators that met the safety and energy standards of US from Haier. All units were sold in a year under Welbilts name. Haier America was formed in 1999 after the successfulness of the mini-refrigerators line, a new office has located in Manhattan with 17 staffs, and for the first year of operations, they target to reach $50 million dollar of sales. After three years, they had reach a wonderful result that they had sold 80,000 full size refrigerators, approximately 2% of the US market. 3.3.2 Acquisition Acquisitions are often been use to enter a new market area for the company when they need other companys competencies to survive in the area. The benefits behind acquisitions are a company can purchase a market leader in a strong cash position overnight, rather than spend years building up market leadership through internal development (Charles W. L. Hill et al, 2007). A company choose to acquiring another company for certain reasons, and for Haier, it simply because they need to move fast in internalization. Charles W. L. Hill et al, 2008 argues that acquisitions are also perceived to be somewhat less risky than internal new ventures, primarily because they involve less certainty. Given the nature of internal new ventures, large uncertainties are associated with projecting future profitability, revenue and cash flow. In the year 2001, a refrigerator plant located in Padova, Italy (one of the most giant manufacturers which producing build-in appliances) has been chosen by Haier to acquire and invested $8 million dollar, the new plant is planned to manufacture build-in freezers and refrigerators for the fast growing build-in sector on that time in European market. Right in the next year, another new Italy-based organization named Haier A/C Trading has been formed and air-conditioners were began to been supplying in the local market. 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation From the analysis, all the findings showed that today Haiers achievement are much related with the strategies they practised. Based on the SWOT analysis, there is evidences show that Haier has its strengths to competes in its targeted industry, the OEM Management system has even strengthen up its capability to overcome possible threats and help them to catch opportunities for now and future. By practising diversification and other related strategies under Ansoff Matrix, it has allowed Haier to gain competitive advantages in local and international market making them the well-known premium white goods brand in the world. Combination of all strategies has brought Haier to reach first-class performance, and also achieve the quality of service class in its industry, they are still the only Asian company awarded Five Star Diamond Award. Competitive-oriented overseas market entry and uses strategies in gaining competitive advantages are the major motive of Haier to compete with world giants in its internationalisation planning and will be continues reaching successfulness in the future.

Emergent Properties of Choice :: Allais Paradox Essays

Emergent Properties of Choice ABSTRACT: Allais' paradox provides a convenient way to demonstrate that the distribution of alternatives we face in a situation of choice may give rise to new factors. These emergent factors may need to influence a one time choice of rational decision-makers, although they should not be taken into account in long reiterative games. I start from a brief presentation of Allais' paradox; yet, I am not primarily concerned with the question how to solve it. The paradox provides a convenient way to demonstrate that distribution of alternatives we face in a situation of choice may give rise to new factors. These emergent properties may need to influence a one time choice of rational decision-makers, although they should not be taken into account in long reiterative games. Let me introduce to you decisiotheoretic emergentism. According to the independence axiom an outcome of the choice shall be neutral if a constant value is added to each alternative. But if we consider the table of preferences presented by Allais this presumption seems intuitively questionable. Y=1 B=10 R=89 g1 M M M g2 0 5M M g3 M M 0 g4 0 5M 0 In the choice between g1 and g2 (where M stands for one million crowns), most people choose g1 over g2, although g2 gives higher expected value. Yet, if we choose between g3 and g4, almost everybody prefers g4 over g3. But the problem may be seen as two identical alternatives g1=g3 and g2=g4 just in the choice between g1 and g2 in column R an outcome of one million crowns has been added to each alternative whereas in the second case the constant added equals zero. These results contradict with the independence axiom. The first solution is to go Savage's way and, after reconsideration, to change one's mind in the g1/g2 choice. But strong intuitiveness of the Allais paradox makes this solution less than attractive. It might seem better to search for some troublesome decisio-theoretic axioms easy to replace. This is the way decision theorists usually go. But they have a problem in finding axioms to be eliminated.

Quantitative Determination of Total Hardness In Drinking Water Essay

Abstract This experiment is about the determination of water hardness through the use of complexometric EDTA titration. Determination of water hardness is important to find out the most suitable water hardness under particular circumstances. This was conducted for the purpose of applying the concept of complexometric titration using an efficient chelating agent, EDTA. Sample mineral water was analyzed using standard EDTA with EBT as indicator, and calcium ions present in the solution were calculated to determine the hardness of the water sample. At the end of the experiment, the results indicated that the mineral sample water has large amounts of calcium and magnesium ions—an implication of a hard water sample. INTRODUCTION Water hardness is a measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium present in sample water. These calcium and magnesium ions have the capacity to replace sodium or potassium ions and form sparingly soluble products or precipitates. Water hardness is involved in various aspects of industrial and biochemical processes. Large amounts of ppm CaCO3 in water can form precipitates when interacted with soap and form rings known as â€Å"scum† in several utensils and appliances. The formation of these â€Å"scum† in electrical appliances degrades its efficiency and will eventually reduce its life span. In addition, these can cause impairments on fabric as well, and damage water treatment plants and piping systems at a water hardness of 300 ppm CaCO3. Calcium is necessary for aquatic animals such as fish. It serves an  important role in bone formation, blood clotting, and metabolic processes of the fish and prevents the loss of important salts in the body which helps in the functioning of its vital organs such as the heart. Small amounts of calcium in water can be life-threatening to aquatic organisms like the fish. Thus, determination of water hardness is important. One method of determining water hardness is through complexometric titration. In this process, a ligand is involved in the said titration. Metal ion reacts with a particular ligand forming a complex and the equivalence point is determined by an indicator. The  ligand used in the experiment is Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) with Eriochrome Black T indicator. EDTA is an efficient chelating agent and has an ability to bind with metal ions. Because of this, EDTA is also used in food preservation, an anti-coagulant in blood, and, when EDTA is combined with Fe(II), can even be used as an effective absorbent of harmful NO (nitric oxide). The purpose of this experiment is to determine the hardness of water through complexometric titration. METHODOLOGY Before the actual experiment, solutions of 500 mL of 0.1000 M stock EDTA solution, 250 mL of 0.0100 M standard EDTA solution, 250 mL of 0.050 M standard CaCO3 solution, 50 mL of 0.0050 M working standard CaCO3 solution, and 250 mL of 1.0 M NH3-NH4+ buffer solution were prepared quantitatively. In this experiment, the titrant used was Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), a polydentate with six bonding sites. Polydentates aid in obtaining sharper endpoints since they react more completely with cations. Likewise, reaction with polydentates only involves a single step process compared to using monodentates as titrants which involves at least two intermediate species. Among polydentates, EDTA was chosen as the titrant since it is versatile and forms most sufficiently stable chelates because of its several complexing sites which gives rise to a cage-like structure isolating the cations from solvent molecules. For the preparation of 500 mL of 0.1000 M stock EDTA solution, 18.6 g of Na2H2EDTA2H2O was weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and was transferred into a 400 mL beaker. 200 mL of distilled water  and 1.0 g MgCl26H2O crystals were added into the beaker and mixed until the crystals were dissolved. MgCl26H2O was added to obtain a sharper endpoint since CaIn- complex ion is less stable and endpoint will come earlier than actual. The solution was heated for faster dissolution and NaOH pellets were added to the turbid solution to produce salt EDTA making the pH of the solution higher and increasing the solubility of the EDTA. Into a 500 mL volumetric flask, the solution was transferred and was diluted to mark with distilled water. The solution was stored in a dry and clean reagent bottle. The 250 mL of 0.0100 M standard EDTA solution was prepared by getting 25 mL from 0.1000 M stock EDTA solution and diluting it to mark with distilled water in a 250 mL volumetric flask. For the preparation of 250 mL of 0.050 M standard CaCO3 solution, 1.2510 g of pure CaCO3 was weighed to the nearest 0.1mg into a 250 mL beaker and 20 mL distilled water was added. Drops of 6 M HCl were added until the CaCO3 was completely dissolved. The beaker was covered using a watch glass and was put over a hot plate. The solution was evaporated until an amount of 10 mL was left. After cooling the solution, the washings were collected by rinsing the watch glass into the beaker using distilled water. 20 mL more distilled water was added into the solution and it was transferred into a 250-mL volumetric flask. The solution was diluted to mark and was stored in a plastic polyethylene bottle since glass bottle can leach and ions from it will contaminate the solution. The 50 mL of 0.0050 M working standard CaCO3 solution was prepared by dilution of 5 mL 0.050 M standard CaCO3 into a 50-mL volumetric flask. For NH3-NH4+ buffer solution of pH 10, 2.06 g of NH4Cl was dissolved in 14.3 mL of concentrated ammonia and was diluted to mark in a 250-mL volumetric flask. Buffer solution was used since buffers are resistant to pH changes[13]. Maintaining the pH is important in preventing interference of other species during titration since different chelates form at a particular pH.[14] For the standardization of 0.01 M EDTA Solution, 10 mL each of 0.0050 M working standard CaCO3 solution was transferred into each of the three 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask using a pipette. Then, into each flask, 75 mL of distilled water was added followed by 3 mL of the NH3-NH4+ buffer solution and 2-3 drops of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) indicator. Although use of EBT indicator is unsatisfactory in calcium, it is ideal to use in magnesium titration[15], and since MgCl2 was put earlier, the number of calcium ions can be determine  using EBT indicator[16]. One at a time, the solutions were titrated with the 0.010 M standard EDTA solution. Water sample was analyzed by measuring 50 mL of commercial mineral water Viva into each of the three 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Then, into each flask, 75 mL of distilled water was added followed by 3 mL of the NH3 -NH4+ buffer solution and 2-3 drops of EBT indicator. One at a time, the solutions were titrated with the 0.010 M standard EDTA solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Complexometric titration was used in the experiment since the reaction between the aqueous solutions of the analyte (CaCO3 solution, water sample) and titrant (EDTA) forms a complex. Which involves a coordination center composed of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and the chelating agent EDTA. EDTA, a weak acid, commonly forms 1:1 stochiometric ratio when it reacts to form soluble complexes with metal ions, this means that a single endpoint would be observed. Most of the time EDTA reacts with metals regardless of their charges. These would all correlate to a sharp endpoint in titration and a smooth calculation in stoichiometry. Titration with EDTA is affected by several factors such as the existence of complex forming ions and of organic solvents that affects the stability of the complex, the metal ion components, and the pH wherein the titration was performed. The pH range for optimal indications using EBT indicator and for better results in titration using EDTA method is from 8-10. Lower pH would form a colorless complex with EDTA while a high pH makes it hard to distinguish using the metal indicator In the experiment the pH was kept constant at 10, this was possible with the presence of the buffer solution of NH3 –NH4Cl. It has a buffer capacity that satisfies the optimal pH range. Buffer solutions resist pH change that might be caused by other cations and the weak acid titrant, EDTA. Also, the indicator EBT would behave as it should be if there are no fluctuations in the pH. The specific pH was essential because at the pH of 10 EDTA would deprotonate just enough to bind with the metals involved. If too much buffer was added to the solution, the titration would yield defective endpoints. For example the pH was at 12, the solution would be too basic that it might form precipitates with magnesium and calcium which in turn would cause different results. The endpoint of the solution in the first trial was blue so we opt not to put KCN in the solution. KCN b onds with iron  so that iron would not affect the color change of the indicator. If iron is present in the sample it would affect the color endpoint and turn to violet instead of blue. Chemical equations that express the reaction in the titration can be shown in figure 1. Figure 1. Chemical equations involved in the titration. In the sample analysis of Viva mineral water, it contained 54mgCa/L and 14mgMg/L. After computing for the total hardness of the sample using ppm CaCO3 it was found out that the claimed total hardness was 192.6 ppm CaCO3 while the computed average ppm CaCO3 from the experiment was 139.5 ppm CaCO3this means that the calculated value from the experiment is less than the calculated total hardness of Viva mineral water according to the indicated value in the label but still in the range of hard according to the water hardness scale in table 1. Table 1 Water Hardness Scale The unit ppm CaCO3 was used because water is mostly composed of calcium and magnesium ions. Both of these ions can be expressed in terms of CaCO3 One possible source of error is the human error from differentiating color change of the indicator EBT. The solution might have turned violet but not observed making the titrant endpoint wrong because of the presence of iron. Other possible sources of error are excess buffer solution that will increase pH, calibration error of pH meter, wrong volume reading, and over titration. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The Complex solutions were formed by titration with the chelating agent EDTA. With the use of complexometric titration the total hardness of water sample was determined. It was found out that the water hardness of Viva mineral water is classified as â€Å"hard† in terms of calcium and magnesium ions content that was expressed in terms of ppm CaCO3. The claimed total hardness of Viva Company is larger than the experimental value meaning it has less metal ion content than expected. The results of the experiment can be improved with the addition of KCN. It might not be visible that the endpoint was violet  but it would be safer to eliminate iron discrepancies in the results. REFERENCES [1] Carillo, K.J.D., Ballesteros, J.I., et al. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2009 edition, UP Chemistry Alumni Foundation, 2009, p. 67 [2] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 403 [3]Hardwater,http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/hardwater.html [4] Wurts, W.A., Understanding Water Hardness, http://www.ca.uky.edu/wkrec/Hardness.htm [5] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 372 [6] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 386 [7] Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate,http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/Product_Information_Sheet/e5134pis.Par.0001.File.tmp/e5134pis.pdf [8] Liu, N. et. al., Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Removal from Simulated Flue Gas by Fe(II)EDTA/Fe(II)citrate Mixed Absorbents, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef300538x?prevSearch=Uses%2Bof%2BEDTA&searchHistoryKey= [9] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 372 [10] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 384 [11] Carillo, K.J.D., Ballesteros, J.I., et al. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2009 edition, UP Chemistry Alumni Foundation, 2009, p. 69 [12] Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate,http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Sigma/Product_Information_Sheet/e5134pis.Par.0001.File.tmp/e5134pis.pdf [13] Whitten, K.[et. Al.], Chemistry.8th ed., Thomas Higher Education. USA. 2007, p. 742 [14] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 401 [15] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 399 [16] Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012, p. 400

Dream Destination

What would be your dream destination if you do not need to worry about the budget and time? Sun, sand and sea, a thousand ‘Robinson Crusoe’ islands, massive lagoons with different depths and infinite shades of blue and turquoise, dazzling underwater coral gardens; a perfect natural combination for the ideal tropical holiday destination. However there is more to the Maldives than just that. Mal Dives comprises 1,190 coral islands, forming an archipelago of 26 major atolls on Southwest of Sri Lanka, on the equator. It stretches 820 kilometres north to south and 120 kilometres east to west. 02 are inhabited, 87 are exclusive resort islands. The weather there is generally warm and humid. There are sun shines all year through, and the average temperature is around 29 – 32 degrees Celsius. The origins of the Maldivians are lost in antiquity, but history reveals that the islands have been populated for over 3,000 years ago. Early settlers were travelers on the Silk Route and from the Indus Valley Civilization. Inherently warm, friendly and hospitable by nature, it is easy to feel comfortable and relaxed with a Maldivian.A proud history and rich culture evolved from the first settlers who were from various parts of the world travelling the seas in ancient times. The Maldives has been a melting pot of different cultures as people from different parts of the world came here and settled down. Some of the local music and dance for instance resemble African influences, with handbeating of drums and songs in a language that is not known to any but certainly represents that of East African countries. As one would expect there is a great South Asian influence in some of the music and dancing and especially in the traditional food of the Maldivians.However many of the South Asian customs especially with regard to women are not tenets of life here – for instance, the Sub Continent’s tradition of secluding women from public view. In fact women pl ay a major role in society – not surprising considering the fact men spend the whole day out at sea fishing. Many of the traditions are strongly related to the seas. Dhivehi is the language spoken in all parts of the Maldives. English is widely spoken by Maldivians and visitors can easily make themselves understood getting around the capital island.In the resorts, a variety of languages are spoken by the staff including English, German, French, Italian and Japanese. After a quick look at Mal Dives’ geography, climate, origins, cultures and languages, it’s time for me to tell you my personal reason to choose Mal Dives as my dream destination. The Beaches in the Maldives are spectacular. Families spend their time there with for relaxation, and couples might go there for honey mood. I am so interested in some of the resorts which are built right on the sea. It arouses my desire to jump into the sea in the morning and I am sure I can stay in the resort for a whole d ay.Another special activity is scuba diving. Maldives is treasured as one of best diving destinations, it is the place where a diver’s dream come true. Diving Safaris will lead you to exciting spots hardly ever visited before. It is the best opportunity to discover the breathtaking beauty of the fascinating underwater kingdom known as the best underwater scenery in the world. And, since I enjoy taking pictures, I will try to fill my photo albums with photos of Mal Dives. I believe the natural beautiful scenes of Mal Dives will impress my friends and family. Maybe I will even try to take pictures underwater.Hopefully I will get the chance to take some pictures with mermaids. Although I don’t have to worry about budget and time, I still have to plan my schedule for the trip to Mal Dives. I think I am going to spend at least 5 days 4 nights there with an important person of mine. I plan to make this trip romantic for my girl as I wish to win her heart successfully. The fi rst 2 nights I will choose to stay in Olhuveli Beach & Spa Resort, and I intend to stay at the Honeymoon Water Villa. During the stay at Olhuveli, we can do many kinds of water sports there such as windsurfing or kite boarding.Later, we will go to a sun spa to relax. The magnificent Sun Spa at Olhuveli takes an integrated and holistic approach to your health, providing holistic treatments for your body, mind and spirit. Then, the rest of the holidays I will be in Soneva Fushi in Mal Dives. The reason I choose this resort is that it features its jungle and beach-side location. It is so unique that everything there seems to be made of wood. I am looking forward to walking in the forest in the early morning before breakfast. Later, I will stay around the pool for the rest of the morning.Later, after taking a nap in the wood house, we will do cycling before dinner to end the day. However, Mal Dives is cursed with mounting evidence of an environmental catastrophe. Government scientists f ear the sea level is rising up to 0. 9cm a year, and the Maldives could become uninhabitable within 100 years. What we can do to help Mal Dives is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas such as using appliances efficiently, and avoiding using plastic bags from grocery stores. It is important to protect and conserve such a beautiful place as Mal Dives.To sum up, as the topic says, I chose Mal Dives to be my dream destination since I don’t have to worry about the budge and time. However, I might need to work on my languages (for example, to learn some Dhivehi, and most importantly, improve my English. ) Anyhow, I believe I am already one step closer to my dream destination. I thank Wells for giving me the opportunity to engage myself in the research on Mal Dives and to learn some English when writing this speech. This is really a great practice. Thank you for listening. Resource: http://www. visitmaldives. com/ http://www. olhuveli. com/ http://www. sixsenses. com/soneva/

Adaptations of trees in the rainforest biomes

Adaptations of trees in the rainforest biomes The trees in the rainforest biomes have developed several adaptations to enable them to survive the conditions in the area. The rain forests receive an average of between 50 and 260 inches of rainfall annually (Denslow, 1987). This means that the plants in that area will need to adapt in order to ensure that they shed water in an efficient way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Adaptations of trees in the rainforest biomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another problem that may be encountered by rainforest flora is that the sunlight that reaches the plants on a lower canopy may be little. There are different layers of canopies. With every layer, there is a drop in the amount of sunlight that reaches the leaves. This means that the plants need to be adapted and they have to device ways of harnessing the little sunlight. One adaptation of the rainforest trees is that they have drip tips on their leaves. This helps the leaves to drop off water from their leaves. The air is very humid and there is a tendency of leaves accumulating water. Another adaptation of the leaves is that they may have grooves on the leaves. This helps to increase the surface area to allow more water to be lost through transpiration. The leaves of the trees in the rain forests may also be oily. This oily coating helps to shed off water from the leaves more efficiently and does not allow it to settle. The barks of these trees are usually thin and smooth. This is because they do not require thick barks to protect them from water loss (Herwitz, 1985). Since these plants receive plenty of water at all times, they do not require deep roots. In order to absorb as much sunlight as possible, the plants have devised ways to increase efficiency. One adaptation is that the rainforest trees have broad leaves. This increases the surface area of the leaves to ensure that more sunlight reaches the leaves. Another adaptation of the leaves is that some trees have leaf stalks that turn. This movement corresponds to the movement of the sun meaning that the leaves follow the direction of the sun and ensure that the maximum amount of light reaches the leaf surface at every moment. Why these trees would not compete well in another biome The rainforest trees have adaptations that limit them from being competitive in other biomes. For example, these trees would not be able to survive in a relatively dry area, let alone a desert. The broad leaves and the grooves on the leaves would increase water loss and that would become a hindrance to its survival. The large surface of the leaves would also mean that there is a larger surface area to allow for water loss.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leaves of plant in dry areas need to have ways of reducing the surface area for water loss and this includes having small leaves and s maller stomata (Dolman, Gash, Robert, Shuttleworth, 1991). The smooth, thin bark would also work against attempts towards water conservation because heat would be able to penetrate and water would be lost since the bark is thin. Since the rainforest trees have shallow roots, such plants would not be able to survive in a dry area since they would not be able to reach the underground water. In dry areas, the groundwater level is usually lower and this means that roots need to go deeper. These plants would not be able to get water and they will simply dry up. References Denslow, J. (1987). Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 431-451. Dolman, J., Gash, J., Robert, J., Shuttleworth, J. (1991). Stomatal and surface conductance of tropical rainforest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54(2-4), 303-318. Herwitz, S. (1985). Interception storage capacities of tropical rainforest canopy trees. Journal of Hydrology, 77(1-4), 23 7-252.

GIS essays

GIS essays USING GIS FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE REPORTING Utility Companies can no longer operate as monopolies with rigidly defined service territories whose top priority is only to satisfy a handful of government regulators. In response to market pressures, utility companies are restructuring. The City of Safford (Arizona) believed, that if given the organizational freedom and the economic incentives of the private sector, it could out perform the private sector by operating more like a business. The result was Gila Resources, Inc., a solely owned subsidiary of the City. The utility assets of the City were transferred to Gila Resources as a part of this separation. This prompted the need for a complete physical inventory of these assets. Gila Resources chose to use GIS to inventory the assets over a flat file database because it quickly integrates information with location, creating a live database with various attributing capabilities. The major costs would be that of the actual physical inventory. Gila Resources would have the advantages of GIS with little additional costs. During the initial needs assessment, a few key features beyond the asset inventory were identified as integral parts of the project. They included infrastructure sustainability, reduced operating costs, asset management, better delivery of service at a lower cost, and financial reporting requirements. Implementation of an enterprise-wide GIS with an asset management component provides Gila Resources with a unique vision of current infrastructure conditions and the required revenues needed for maintenance renewal. Our goal through the use of GIS is to provide proactive infrastructure renewal and community needs. Gila Resources, Inc. provides water, wastewater, electric and gas services to 16,350 customers in its 100 square mile service area. Gila Resources hired the consulting firm of Global Systems Modeling to assist and direct the imple...

Civil Engineering- Retaining walls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Civil Engineering- Retaining walls - Essay Example This force translates into moment by multiplying it by the moment distance, M of each section (Craig 166). M is the distance from the ‘toe’ of the wall to the centre of gravity of each section. Centre of mass acts at â…” of distance from the apex to base or â…“ of distance from the base to apex, for triangular sections. Centre of mass acts at the centre of section, for rectangular sections. Summation of the individual sections’ resisting moments gives the overall resisting moment. The force, Pa, acts at a distance â…“ H since the effective pressure region is triangular. The resulting moment is Pa multiplied by â…“ H. the factor of safety Fsot is the ratio of moment due to resistance to the moment due to net active thrust. The sliding resistance is the ratio of (the reaction force of the wall multiplied by the coefficient of sliding, 0.44) to the driving force offered by the soil to the wall (Craig 189). The reaction of the wall is the summation of the wall’s section forces, in his case 23.3 k. In question 2, the angle Ï• is 26o, and c is still zero; therefore, the wall exerts a triangular pressure distribution region. Given both the active and passive pressure co-efficient, Ka and Kp respectively, calculate Pa and Pp. The passive pressure is due to the resistance of soil to lateral forces. Ka and consequently, Pa are calculated as in problem 1 while Kp = [(1+ sin Ï•)/ (1 - sin Ï•)]. Pp = Â ½KpÃŽ ³ H2– 2c (√Ka) (H) but this reduces to Pp = Â ½KaÃŽ ³ H2 since c is zero (Craig 166). The factor of safety, Fsot, as in problem one is the ratio of the summation of resistance moment by the wall to moments due to active thrust of the soil. The factor of safety due to sliding limit is the summation of wall section’s reaction force multiplied by sliding coefficient, 0.45 divided by the thrust force of the soil to the

Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Censorship - Essay Example It is evident that we have reached the nadir of restraint on free speech even in the absence of censorship because free speech is policed thoroughly even more than before the age of internet and television. It is totally inane to claim that one can say whatever they wish in the post-censorship age yet there is restrain to ensure one does not think the wrong thoughts, or they do not say the wrong things. Additionally, it is useless to grant free speech yet one cannot be free to use language without being cautious not to use the wrong language. The government takes any controversial views as offensive and unsuitable by a host of interest groups due to the public’s indifference towards the basic values of a free society. Nevertheless, the collection of personal information over the internet is bound to raise a plethora of complaints from the public especially because it will exert immense control on free speech like never before. Malik Kenan argues that heretics who offend like D arwin and Galileo have always taken society forwards and most importantly, these critics highlight the importance of free speech;

Sky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sky - Essay Example Ltd, a Chinese car manufacturer that wishes to expand its business internationally with the help of mergers and acquisitions with existing company in host country. For the company, I suggest a business expansion in Mexico country through merger with Mastretta, a Mexican car manufacturer. This company established in 1987 and produced self-developed cars and sports cars with the help of experienced engineers and designers of Mexico. On the other hand, Chery is founded in 1997 and it produced passenger cars, minivans and SUVs (Chery International, 2010). On the basis of output, it is the ninth largest automaker in China. It exports around 25% of total production around the world. The company has various factories in different countries such as Iran, Malaysia, Indonesia, Middle East, Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand and many more that produces Chery vehicles (Chery International, 2010). Now, the company wants to expand its business in Mexico. In this, various reasons to expand business in this country, factors that influence the transfer of business and marketing mix for Mexican market will be discussed. Along with this, environmental analysis of Mexico country will be done with the help of evidence and examples. Analysis In the overseas business expansion, companies has faced various issues regarding different political and economic conditions, cyber risks, corruption, different culture, labor laws, education system, infrastructure and ethics. In order to select a country or location for business expansion, various factors are considered such as commute patterns, infrastructure, land availability and labor availability (Russell and Cohn, 2012). According to these factors, US is best choice but in other countries, company can face issues of changes in government and laws, tax systems, labor cost and labor laws. Along with this, timeline, rights and preservation of workers, incentives, working hours organizational and culture management techniques are different in overseas business expansion. Reasoning Chery, a Chinese car manufacturer company wants to expand its business in Mexico. The company selects this country for business expansion because the automotive industry of Mexico is growing industry. It is attractive for automotive manufacturing companies due to proximity to the US and it is the world’s largest automotive market (Contreras, 2008). Along with this, various automobile companies from US, Japan and Europe shifted their plants in this country to get the benefits of strategic location, low labor cost and NAFTA (Moreno and Kellogg, 1996). The automotive industry in Mexico contributes 18% in manufacturing GDP and creates around 56,000 jobs (ProMexico, 2013). Apart from this, there are various reasons to select this country for business expansion such as: Free trade: This country has more free trade agreements as compared to other countries and USA. For example, Mexico has free trade agreements with EU that is helpful to save 1 0% tariff. Along with this, Central Mexico is the highest growth area for the production of vehicles and it is not only for US and Canadian market but also for global production (Russell and Cohn, 2012). Apart from this, due to suitable business conditions, various automakers announced $7.8 billion of investment in Mexico within two years (See: appendix 1). So, this country is good for the business expansion

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical Essay

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical evidence in the scientific method. - talk about the scientific method, then use examples to - Essay Example The products included an expanded body of knowledge, tools and techniques† (The dawn of Science, p.26). The nature itself was the tutor for the ancient human being. He has learned many things from the nature by observations, testing and analysis. He has devised many methodologies and formulated many concepts based on his experiences with the interaction of nature. Though he was unaware of many natural phenomena at that time, his interaction with nature has made him aware the common patterns associated with all the nature’s activities such as day and night and summer and winter. The scientific method has emerged through these careful observations and analysis of nature’s activities. General principle and scientific principle have lot of differences. General principle may not have any scientific evidences. For example sun is believed to be rises in the east. But east, west, north, south concepts are relative and all such things are mere assumptions and have no Scientific method of inquiry usually associated with gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. Scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation. These data will be used to formulate hypothesizes. From these hypothesizes, conclusions will be made. Scientific method is the method adopted by scientists in their investigation of various phenomena. It is a systematic and orderly method of solving problems. Whatever be the nature of the problems, the scientists adopt a cautious and methodical procedure that helps him to acquire valid and verifiable conclusions. Sensing of the problem is the first step in scientific method followed by the research. The research will provide lot of data which will be used for generating various hypothesizes. These hypothesizes will be tested and then the conclusion will be made which will lead to the formulation of laws. Such formulated laws

Some Marketers Believe That The Customer Is Always Right Essay

Some Marketers Believe That The Customer Is Always Right - Essay Example It is evident that all of these approaches cannot be regarded as the most effective strategy. Of course, all of them are to be observed and used while planning company's future. It seems that the third one provides the most favourable basis for creating effective strategy, but it also should be examined and completed. Management is an integral part of the modern society's activity. It is connected to all fields of activity and that is why it is necessary to know as much as possible about its laws and specificity. The directive philosophy in any strategic management development, no matter in the public or in private sector, are about appreciating what changes are required, how to realize and run these changes, and how to produce a schedule for supporting betterments that lead to better presentation. The problems of relationship between economy and ethics are examined and discussed by many scholars at present. More and more experts say about conflicts between these two spheres. But recently some of the most talented economists started to address most relevant problems in society at present. (Hunger) One of the founders of modern economics, Alfred Marshall wrote in his book that poverty and its elimination "give to economic studies... their chief and their highest interest". (qtd in Kabodian)But a complex structure of global economical processes today demonstrates that up-to-day ethical reflection is problematic today. And the statement of various economists to be occupied with making social "value-free" science, became a reason for ethicists and average customers to start a dialogue. (Kabodian) Amartya Sen, a scholar who was awarded Nobel Prize in Economics for establishing links between economy and ethics, states that economic strategies and methodologies are to be estimated in terms of their influence on the ability of individuals to function successfully in the society they belong to. This author points out that individuals should be treated as the agents of morality, possessing such features as responsibility, ability and freedom. The purpose, as defined by this author, is to view economic sphere and all other aspects of life through the scope of moral perspective. He adds the following remark on this topic: "What matters, finally, is how we see each other." (qtd in Hicks) It is not a secret that people are regarded and treated as customers within contemporary society. This concerns not only the sphere of consumption, but many other spheres of life, even those that are far from economy and finance. As Maier states, "In the business sector itself, "customer service," "customer satisfaction," and "customer loyalty" have become watchwords for marketing and strategic growth practices. From their market-based home, these concepts have seeped into other sectors". That is why understanding and evaluating the concept "customer is always right"

Money and Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money and Banking - Essay Example One of the shortcomings of an economy with a fixed exchange rate is that monetary policy cannot be utilized to stimulate the economy, although an economy with a floating exchange rate like the U.S. can employ monetary policy to stimulate economic growth. The macroeconomic shock, interest rates in the domestic economy fluctuate with respect to foreign interest rates. For instance, when there is an expansionary monetary policy, it will cause interest rate to decline in the domestic economy, as a result, domestic investors will have an opportunity to invest in the foreign market that will cause a capital account deficit and cause the exchange rate to decrease. The monetary growth causes a raise in domestic income that in turn causes an increase in imports and a current account deficit. When the domestic money supply increases in the foreign market because of an increase in imports and net capital outflows, it leads to depreciation of the domestic currency due to the weak association between supply and demand. The decline in the exchange rate will cause domestic capital to be attractive for foreign investors and the domestic economy will start to draw foreign investment as the exchange rate declines until the BOP equals zero that lead t o interest rate parity . 1b The BOP factors that affect the supply for domestic currency in the foreign economies are a raise in imports and an increase in capital outflows in search of higher rates of return. These factors lead to a BOP deficit in the domestic economy and are frequently affected by expansionary monetary policy that causes a decrease in the domestic interest rate. 1C Increase in exports and an increase in capital inflows where foreign investors are in search of higher rates of return in the domestic economy are factors that affect the demand for domestic currency in the foreign economies. In addition, if the domestic economy cause an increase of exports, it indicate that domestic goods are relatively less expensive compared to foreign goods. Consequently, foreigners will demand more domestic currency as they import compared to domestic exports. When, the domestic rate of returns is more in respect to foreign economies, there will be a raise in demand for the domestic currency, as foreign i nvestors will require domestic currency to buy domestic capital. 2A Based on flexible exchange rates and relatively responsive capital flows, we can establish that any fluctuate in the capital financial account will be greater in magnitude than fluctuate in the capital account. Thus, the EE curve will be flat compared to the LM curve. A fiscal expansion causes IS curve to shifts up and to the right that lead to increase of interest rates and output (y) .The increase in interest rates lead to increase of inflow of KA and a demand for domestic currency in magnitude than the CA deficit affected by increase in revenues that in turn increases imports relative to exports. This causes a BOP surplus that causes the exchange rate to appreciate and lead to shift of the EE curve up and to the left. The exchange rate will appreciate to the point where the BOP comes back to equilibrium. When exchange rate appreciates, the rate of return on domestic capital gets smaller due to diminishing margina l returns, which will reduce the rate of capital inflows to the domestic econ

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical Essay

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical evidence in the scientific method. - talk about the scientific method, then use examples to - Essay Example The products included an expanded body of knowledge, tools and techniques† (The dawn of Science, p.26). The nature itself was the tutor for the ancient human being. He has learned many things from the nature by observations, testing and analysis. He has devised many methodologies and formulated many concepts based on his experiences with the interaction of nature. Though he was unaware of many natural phenomena at that time, his interaction with nature has made him aware the common patterns associated with all the nature’s activities such as day and night and summer and winter. The scientific method has emerged through these careful observations and analysis of nature’s activities. General principle and scientific principle have lot of differences. General principle may not have any scientific evidences. For example sun is believed to be rises in the east. But east, west, north, south concepts are relative and all such things are mere assumptions and have no Scientific method of inquiry usually associated with gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. Scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation. These data will be used to formulate hypothesizes. From these hypothesizes, conclusions will be made. Scientific method is the method adopted by scientists in their investigation of various phenomena. It is a systematic and orderly method of solving problems. Whatever be the nature of the problems, the scientists adopt a cautious and methodical procedure that helps him to acquire valid and verifiable conclusions. Sensing of the problem is the first step in scientific method followed by the research. The research will provide lot of data which will be used for generating various hypothesizes. These hypothesizes will be tested and then the conclusion will be made which will lead to the formulation of laws. Such formulated laws

Money and Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money and Banking - Essay Example One of the shortcomings of an economy with a fixed exchange rate is that monetary policy cannot be utilized to stimulate the economy, although an economy with a floating exchange rate like the U.S. can employ monetary policy to stimulate economic growth. The macroeconomic shock, interest rates in the domestic economy fluctuate with respect to foreign interest rates. For instance, when there is an expansionary monetary policy, it will cause interest rate to decline in the domestic economy, as a result, domestic investors will have an opportunity to invest in the foreign market that will cause a capital account deficit and cause the exchange rate to decrease. The monetary growth causes a raise in domestic income that in turn causes an increase in imports and a current account deficit. When the domestic money supply increases in the foreign market because of an increase in imports and net capital outflows, it leads to depreciation of the domestic currency due to the weak association between supply and demand. The decline in the exchange rate will cause domestic capital to be attractive for foreign investors and the domestic economy will start to draw foreign investment as the exchange rate declines until the BOP equals zero that lead t o interest rate parity . 1b The BOP factors that affect the supply for domestic currency in the foreign economies are a raise in imports and an increase in capital outflows in search of higher rates of return. These factors lead to a BOP deficit in the domestic economy and are frequently affected by expansionary monetary policy that causes a decrease in the domestic interest rate. 1C Increase in exports and an increase in capital inflows where foreign investors are in search of higher rates of return in the domestic economy are factors that affect the demand for domestic currency in the foreign economies. In addition, if the domestic economy cause an increase of exports, it indicate that domestic goods are relatively less expensive compared to foreign goods. Consequently, foreigners will demand more domestic currency as they import compared to domestic exports. When, the domestic rate of returns is more in respect to foreign economies, there will be a raise in demand for the domestic currency, as foreign i nvestors will require domestic currency to buy domestic capital. 2A Based on flexible exchange rates and relatively responsive capital flows, we can establish that any fluctuate in the capital financial account will be greater in magnitude than fluctuate in the capital account. Thus, the EE curve will be flat compared to the LM curve. A fiscal expansion causes IS curve to shifts up and to the right that lead to increase of interest rates and output (y) .The increase in interest rates lead to increase of inflow of KA and a demand for domestic currency in magnitude than the CA deficit affected by increase in revenues that in turn increases imports relative to exports. This causes a BOP surplus that causes the exchange rate to appreciate and lead to shift of the EE curve up and to the left. The exchange rate will appreciate to the point where the BOP comes back to equilibrium. When exchange rate appreciates, the rate of return on domestic capital gets smaller due to diminishing margina l returns, which will reduce the rate of capital inflows to the domestic econ

The Energy of the Future Essay Example for Free

The Energy of the Future Essay Alternative fuels are simply non-petroleum energy sources that are used to substitute petroleum products in supplying energy for engines while providing environmental benefits (DOE, 2005). The search for these fuels is the current trend since it is projected that fossil fuels, the source of petroleum products, would run out in the near future. Year 2005 was predicted as the peak of world oil production, after which, the world oil production would decline. By 2030, it is predicted that world oil production would be the same as the production before 1980; the only difference is that the population is higher thus the demand would be greater. This would then mean that there would be higher prices of oil products; thus the search for alternative fuels is essential (Life After the Oil Crash). In addition, the degradation of the environment calls for these alternatives to impede the possible series of catastrophic events One alternative fuel being widely promoted is the Biodiesel. It is a renewable fuel made from agricultural sources such as animal fat and vegetable oils. This is produced through the transesterification of the base oil by reacting it with an industrial alcohol and a catalyst to convert it to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel. In its pure form, also known as B100 or neat diesel, it is capable of powering an ordinary diesel engine, however, some blends are also produced such as the B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel) and the B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel). Most present diesel engines are compatible with running on biodiesel, however, manufacturer specifications should still be considered to avoid warranty violations. In terms of performance, biodiesel is comparable with ordinary diesel; though it has 2-8% less fuel economy, it gives better engine performance and lubrication (US EPA, 2006). Another alternative being promoted due to its potential and environment friendliness is the Hydrogen and the Fuel cell. Hydrogen is the most abundant and simplest element on earth; however, it is usually bonded with other elements to form other things such as water (H2O), hydrocarbons (CH4) and other organic matter making it unavailable (EERE, 2007). On the other hand, fuel cells are electrochemical devices that produce electricity by combining hydrogen or other hydrogen-containing fuels and oxygen. In contrast to batteries, fuel cells are different since it requires a continuous source of external fuel (OEE, 2007). The electricity produced will be used to power the engine. However, hydrogen is bulky and has a small amount of energy per volume; this means that storage techniques of this fuel are critical to its success. But still, hydrogen as a fuel is efficient since it is clean burning and fuel cell vehicles have a potential higher efficiency compared to gasoline vehicles (about 2-3 times more) (EERE, 2007). Another alternative fuel is the electricity. Electric vehicles have long been in use by some countries; however, it gained low popularity due to its disadvantages like higher cost, the size and weight of the battery, short distance covered and long charging time. Nevertheless, the search for alternative fuels has shifted the attention back to electric cars due to its environmental friendliness and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Researches are on their way to develop the battery system of the vehicle such that lighter and smaller batteries that could enable the car to reach almost 300 kilometers on one charging and last for 5-10 years could power the vehicle at acceleration and speeds similar to gasoline powered vehicles (OEE, 2007). The 2008 Tesla Roadster Electric Vehicle is a very interesting vehicle. It runs purely on electricity, can reach 60 mph in 3. 9 seconds, has a 135 mpg equivalent, covers 220 miles per charge, consumes less than $0. 02 per mile and has a built-in battery charging system that can be plugged into an outlet (Tesla Motors, 2008). Though this car is very interesting, I would not opt to buy this because it is very limited and has a selling price of $109,000. I think these are the reason why there still few of these around; they are very costly and are very limited. References Department of Energy. (2005). Alternative Fuels. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. doe. gov. ph/AF/Alternative%20Fuels. htm Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (2007, November 20). Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/hydrogen. html Life After the Oil Crash. Are We Running Out? I Thought There Was 40 Years of the Stuff Left. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. lifeaftertheoilcrash. net/ Office of Energy Efficiency. (2007, April 16). Fuel Cells and Hydrogen. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. oee. nrcan. gc. ca/transportation/fuels/hydrogen-fuelcells/hydrogen. cfm? attr=8 Tesla Motors. (2008). The 2008 Tesla Roadster. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. teslamotors. com/ US Environmental Protection Agency. (2006, October). Biodiesel. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www. epa. gov/smartway/growandgo/documents/factsheet-biodiesel. htm

Explain the factors to consider when planning a safe, but challenging environment for children.

Explain the factors to consider when planning a safe, but challenging environment for children. Explain the factors to consider when planning a safe, but challenging environment for children. The environment plays a major part in children’s safety, learning and development. Not only the material objects within an environment, but the emotional and social environment accounts also. â€Å"The health and safety of the environment is essential to ensure the safety and well-being of the children and in creating an enabling environment. In an enabling environment, babies and children will feel emotionally safe and secure, and will develop and learn most effectively.† Health and safety is one of the most important factors to consider when a practitioner provides an appropriate environment for learning and development. All staffs should have a responsibility for ensuring health and safety in their environment at all time. All staffs should meet minimum requirements for space within the room environments and staffs ratios. â€Å"These requirements will initially be calculated by ofsted when the setting is first registered, and they will provide a maximum number of children allowed in setting at any one time. This will also be broken down into how many children can be present in any one room at one time, depending on the age of the children.† â€Å"Children learn and develop well in enabling environment, in which their experiences respond to their individual needs and there is a strong partnership between practitioners and parents and carers† (EY – Development Matters Document) Meeting staff ratios is important because this ensuring the safety of the children by making sure children can be safety supervised whilst in their environment. â€Å"Failure to meet these ratios could cause accidents or injuries, as staff members would find it difficult to care for and surprise a larger number of children. â€Å" â€Å"Children from birth to two years require 3.5m ² space per child, at least half of the remaining staff members must be qualified to at least a recognised level two child care qualification. Child aged two to three years old require 2.5m ² space per child, at least one practitioner must be qualified to level three. Children aged three and above require 2.3m ² space per child, at least on practitioner must hold a level three qualification.† There are major pieces of health and safety legislations that play a role on the provision of an environment and must be followed by all employers. Explain the practitioners’ role within the wider, multi –agency environment. The role of the practitioner within a wider, multi-agency environment is to value and recognise the importance of this wider network for children. â€Å"Valuing this wider network demonstrates respect for the individual needs and characteristics of the child and family and enables all members of the community to work together.† Wider community plays role in children’s development and learning. â€Å"When a child has been identified as having additional needs, other professionals are a vital part of their care learning and development and will work in partnership with practitioners within the setting.† â€Å"The role of the practitioner has been identified as important in the provision of an enabling environment for children, with the practitioner holding an important role in the wider, multi-agency environment.† Describe the regulatory requirements that must be followed when organising an environment for children in the early years. The regulatory requirements that must be followed when organising an environment for children in the early years is the process of identifying any additional needs a child may have early in order to organise the best possible care and intervention for the children. â€Å"Practitioner has concerns around any area of a child’s development†. â€Å"The employer has overall responsibility for ensuring that health and safety is implemented†. All staff is responsible for ensuring health and safety at workplace is observed. â€Å"The building must be appropriately maintained and be suitable for purpose†. The environment should be clean, safe and appropriate for everyone in the setting. All equipments must be used safely. Accidents must be recorded and reported. The act also provides protection for employees is personal protection for employees is personal protective equipment must be provided free of charge and employees should be given instruction on its use, a safe working environment must be provided, first aid facilities must be provided. â€Å"COSHH is the law that all employers must follow in regards to harmful substances. All workplaces use harmful substances and the COSHH regulations are in place to ensure the safe use and storage of these materials†. All staff must carry out a COSHH risk assessment this because to identifying the potential risk of explosive to any harmful substance. All staff must ensure safety for the children by ensuring high levels of security across their premises, doors at the setting should be locked at all times. â€Å"Practitioners also need to make sure that the toys and resources they provide to the children are appropriate for their age and stage of development†. Evaluate the effectiveness of the environment in meeting children’s individual needs. Every setting should work closely with parents and multi-agencies. All setting should be aware of the support and services that other agencies provide, practitioners will support parents/carers to access these services. As a practitioner I should know that whenever I prepare environment for children or young people, I must know it’s important to consider their age and stage of development. I also need to ensure that the experiences and play opportunities offered carer the areas of development outlined in the EYFS. I also need to consider whether the environment meets the needs of the individual children. I should know children develop at different rates. As a practitioner I should know that some children will need more challenging activities while others may need a different type of activity or different resources. I should observe individual children to see how they engage with the environment will help me to plan appropriately. The most important activities during the day, such as playing, eating, sleeping, washing hands and going to the bathroom. â€Å"Children need to explore equipment and learn basic knowledge through direct experience†. Children with disabilities should be given the opportunity to take risks in their own play. As for with other children this will enable them to develop their self-esteem and confidence. â€Å"It is often difficult for parents to allow children with physical disabilities or medical conditions, such as epilepsy, to engage in physical play or ‘rough and tumble’ activities for fear of injury or seizure. They may therefore need reassurance to allow their children to participate.† â€Å"The emotional environment extends further than the furniture and resources contained within a space, and looks at feelings and emotions of the children within the learning environment†. The indoor environment have an immediate effect for children, this is when they will spend a large amount of their time. â€Å"The indoor environment should support the many different types of play that will support children’s learning and development†. â€Å"The EY values children’s independence and encourages child-initiated play and active learning. This needs to be reflected in the environment by organising toys and resources at child height to encourage children to access resources they wish to explore†. â€Å"The outdoor environment holds equal value to the indoor environment and provides many opportunities for learning and development. The outdoor environment provides a new context for learning to take place within and provides new opportunities†.

Blood Diamond : Why Fiction is More Effective Than the Facts Essay

Blood Diamond: Why Fiction is More Effective Than the Facts When watching a movie that is allegedly based on a true story, it may not occur to some viewers that the movie does not necessarily represent the complete and absolute truth. The movie Blood Diamond was inspired by the true story of how the illegal sale of smuggled diamonds helped fuel the 1991 to 2000 civil war in Sierra Leone (â€Å"Sierra Leone†). In an interview with Foreign Policy Magazine, Edward Zwick, director of Blood Diamond, admits that â€Å"my first goal was to make a good movie, one that fulfills the obligations of any story, which has to do with characters and drama.† It is true that Blood Diamond uses glamorized fiction to cover up and sweeten the horrible truths for its audience, but what matters is how effectively the movie makes an emotional connection with its viewers. Hollywood filmmakers know what the majority of their audience expects: glamour and excitement throughout the film and a dramatic and emotionally satisfying ending. If it is to sa tisfy the expectations of this audience, and the expectations of the filmmaker and his backers to make a lot of money, the movie—at least this particular movie—cannot be a totally accurate and graphic depiction of what really happens with blood diamonds and their role in Sierra Leone’s civil war, because what really happens would not sell as well as the fiction. In the case of Blood Diamond, while it is important to look at the factual accuracy or inaccuracy of the what the characters represent, what matters more is why the fiction is more effective than the truth when it comes to getting the audience emotionally involved. Effective manipulation of the audience’s feelings through fiction may make the sympathet... ...58260>. â€Å"How to Buy: Diamond Facts.† A Diamond is Forever. De Beers Diamond Company. 18 November 2007. . â€Å"Lovette Freeman: A Personal History.† September 2006. Online video clip. The History Channel. 18 November 2007. . â€Å"Seven Questions: A Chat with Blood Diamond Director Ed Zwick.† Foreign Policy Magazine December 2006. 18 November 2007. . â€Å"Sierra Leone Civil War.† Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 17 August 2005. Wikimedia Foundation. 18 November 2007. . Voeten, Teun. How De Body?: One Man’s Terrifying Journey Through an African War. Amsterdam: St. Marin Press, 2000.

The Life of William Penn Essay -- American History

William Penn, most commonly known for the establishment of the state of Pennsylvania, could also be referred to as the first great pioneer of American liberty. His beliefs on equal rights and religious toleration not only contributed to liberty in the Old World, but in the New World as well. In a time when religions persecuted one another for their beliefs, colonists were stealing land from Indians, and women had little to no rights, Penn established a sanctuary free from the stereotypes that were common in that time in history. Founded by William Penn, Pennsylvania and the eventual city of Philadelphia still bear the marks of the advancement of religious tolerance still witnessed by society today. William Penn was born October 14, 1644 in London, England and spent most of his youth in that general vicinity. He was the oldest of three children, having a younger brother and a younger sister. â€Å"As the eldest son, Penn followed the usual path as heir to his father’s estates. Thus he was educated in the typical manner of the gentry, being sent to a private school and later to a university† (Geiter, 14). After being homeschooled until the age of 11, he began his formal training at Chigwell Academy near Wanstead in Essex, England. Penn attended several colleges throughout Europe including Oxford University and Lincoln’s Inn, a prestigious law school in London. William Penn’s education and law background helped round out his skills and prepared him to take his place in society but his eventual conversion to Quakerism prevented him from entering a political career as expected by his family. â€Å"While Penn did not follow the traditional route, by becom ing, for example, a member of parliament, he did become a major figure in English Politics† ... ...ter, Mary K. William Penn. Harlow, England: Longman, 2000. 14, 167. Print. Powell, Jim. "William Penn, America's First Great Champion for Liberty and Peace." Quaker.org. The Freeman. Web. 1 Mar. 2012. Patton, Allyson. "Brotherly Love Comes To Philadelphia." British Heritage 26.6 (2006): 43-48. MasterFILE Premier. Jstor. 20 Mar. 2012. Foster, Genevieve. The World of William Penn. New York: Scribner, 1973. 32. Print. Geiter, Mary K., and W. A. Speck. Colonial America: From Jamestown to Yorktown. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 97. Print. William Penn Biography. N.p., 3 Dec. 2007. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. . Lingelbach, William E. â€Å"William Penn and City Planning.† The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , Vol. 68, No. 4 (Oct.,1944): 401. MasterFILE Premier. Jstor. 20 Mar. 2012.

Motorcycle Helmet Laws Essay

The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) estimates that helmets saved 1,784 motorcyclists from death in 2007. If all motorcyclists had worn helmets, an additional 800 lives could have been saved. As an avid motorcycle operator, I have been in a few close calls of my own. Luckily for me, if something would have occurred, I would have at least been safer due to my motorcycle helmet. It is safe to say that thousands of lives could be saved each year by national adoption of universal helmet laws. From 1984 through 1995, helmets saved the lives of more than 7,400 motorcyclists. However, more than 6,300 additional deaths could have been prevented if all riders had been wearing helmets (tntrafficsafety. org). There are minor debates about one not feeling comfortable while riding with a helmet because of to the weight of it. However, manufacturers make carbon fiber helmets that have virtually no weight. On average they weight around two to three pounds. They are a bit more expensive than your average helmet. However, one can’t put a price on life. Safety should definitely be the underlying factor, especially since riding a motorcycle is already considered dangerous in itself. The analysis of fatal crash data from 2008 to 2010 showed 12 percent of motorcyclists in states with universal helmet laws were not wearing helmets, but 64 percent of riders were not wearing helmets in states with partial helmet laws and 79 percent weren’t wearing helmets in states with no helmet laws. According to CDC Director Dr. Thomas Frieden, â€Å"Increasing motorcycle helmet use can save lives and money. In 2010, more than $3 billion in economic costs were saved due to helmet use in the United States. Another $1. 4 billion could have been saved if all motorcyclists had worn helmets (www. ohsonline. com). † Annual cost savings in states with universal motorcycle helmet laws for motorcycle riders and passengers were nearly four times more per registered motorcycle than in states without them, according to a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report study. Annual medical, productivity, and other costs ranged from a high of $394 million in California (which has a universal helmet law) to a low of $2. 6 million in New Mexico (which has a partial law). Studies comparing hospital costs of helmeted and un-helmeted motorcyclists involved in crashed have found costs for un-helmeted riders to average $3,000 more than for helmeted riders. And, riders who don’t wear helmets are less likely to have health insurance, resulting in the cost of their care being forced on to taxpayers.. Not only does wearing a helmet save lives, it also saves the rider money. The financial burden for treatment and care of uninsured motorcycle crash victims is placed on the government and taxpayers. In 2005, Maryland estimated that a repeal of its all-rider helmet law would increase Medicaid expenditures by $1. 2 million in the first year and annually up to $1. 5 million thereafter. All-rider helmet laws will increase motorcycle helmet use, decrease deaths and injuries, and save taxpayer dollars. This is why all states should have a helmet law. Another reason that helmet laws should be passed in all states is because according to the Office of Highway Safety Planning, riders without helmets are 40% more likely to suffer fatal head injuries than those with helmets, and are 15% more likely to incur nonfatal head injuries. This is why it is imperative that each state adopts a helmet law. A rider already has a disadvantage because they are not protected as they would in the cabin of a car or truck with seat belts and airbags. There is nothing holding the rider down on the motorcycle at the point of an impact. So if, and when an impact occurs, the chances of a fatal brain injury are higher in an individual who rides without a helmet on. Every state should adopt a helmet law for motorcycle drivers. Simply put, motorcycle helmets save lives. Point. Blank. Period. Death rates from head injuries are twice as high among motorcyclists in states without all-rider helmet laws. Motorcycle helmets are 37 percent effective in preventing motorcyclist deaths and 67 percent effective in preventing brain injuries (tnttrafficsafety. org). A helmet can possibly save the life of the rider, and any future suffering caused to their family due to possible death and costs in medical bills. Making helmet laws mandatory will be a win-win situation for everyone. References Motorcycle safety (Rev. Oct. 1999. ed. ). (1999). Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept.of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Highway safety NHTSA’s motorcycle helmet activities. (1997). Washington, D. C. : The Office. Chenier, T. C. , & Evans, L. (1984). Motorcyclist fatalities and the repeal of mandatory helmet wearing laws. Warren, Mich. : General Motors Research Laboratories. Motorcycle helmet use laws. (1999). Washington, DC: U. S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Http://saferoads. org/files/Top%20Ten%20Reasons%20for%20Helmet%20Law%20091107. pdf Http://tntrafficsafety. org/sites/default/files/motorcyclehelmets1. pdf.

Fewer and Fewer People Donate Organs

Organ donation is an issue that needs to be addressed to all people in all nations. It is a rather controversial issue, but an issue that, if understood correctly, can save many lives. Some strongly claim that in the medical use, organ donation is a very important part. It can save lives for the people who are affected with disease or for those whom only need organ transplant due to the injury or some other causes. According to some statistics, because of there are not enough organs available, plenty of people around the world die everyday. On the other hand, careful consideration leads others to prevent from donating organs because of religious belief, lack of education, and medical illness. First of all, there are widespread of religious belief all over the world from China to United Kingdom and from Canada to Chile. Buddhism, Islam, and Taoism have some kind of belief in afterlife and natural process in birth. As the result, they came up with laws and rules for the deceased. Buddhism, for example, no one is allowed to touch the corpse of the body for several of hours. This may be too late to save the organs that can be used. Moreover, some believe that all things belong to the Earth. A paragraph indicates that every living grows on Earth. It is the Earth that naturalizes our livings. In order to thank the Earth of providing a variety of sources, we should all pay back ourselves in return â€Å"completely† which have no missing organs in the body. Since laws, rules, and religious belief are made for the dead, we should respect in who or what they believe. In additional, several countries, generally, such as Taiwan, Africa, or even well developed countries do not have the opportunity to receive correct information about organ donation and organ transplantation. There was a group of undergraduate students handing out questionnaires and doing interviews about the knowledge of organ donation and transplantation for their research paper in school. Surprisingly, they found out that the result showed approximately 89% of people the student chose are completely confused and misunderstood whether there are advantages or disadvantages of subsequences to themselves after donating organs. Furthermore, some mistakenly thought the only place in which people can buy and sell their organ is the black market. Government and hospitals, health care systems, and medical insurance companies should provide correct information about donating organs. After receiving positive information, people might have different thoughts about organ transplantation and would attempt to have their organs donated. Finally, people who have existing medical illness or condition are prohibited to donate their organs. Donating infected organs and tissues such as tumor and incurable disease such as cancer lead to deadly high risks to the ones who are receiving. Diseased virus will be transmitted from the donor people who accept the organs with donated organs to the body of the patients’ causing them serious illness or even worse- death. These particularly cells which might be bacterially infected are transplanted and it will be carried throughout patients’ body. Therefore, most of the patients in hospitals who have medical illness or incurable disease cannot donate organs to others. Not only do Doctors or researchers have the right to exam the organ initially but also do the patients need to tell professional what their problems are. In summary, organs are not donated because of the following reasons: cultural belief, lack of education, and medical illness. In the essay, I have given out some examples that support my thesis statement which are the belief of afterlife of Buddhism’s culture, questionnaire handed out by students for their research paper, and patients who suffer medical illness are not allowed to donate organs respectively. In my opinion, people should listen to one’s voice. They have rights not to donate their organs and we have to respect the religious and cultural belief of the minority group of people. On the other hand, others should encourage someone, who suffers no medical illness, to try to contribute their organs to the ones who need them. Moreover, there are no harms for donators to save lives by donating organ after dying. Government and several organizations could provide more information about organ donating to people.